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Cultural Etiquette
Cultural Dos and Taboos
1. A firm handshake with direct eye contact is the customary form of greeting. Men will need to wait for a woman to extend her hand first if she wants her hand shaken. Friends and relatives will often greet each other with a kiss and/or a hug -- called the abrazo in Spanish. Men, however, do not usually hug other men. A pat on the shoulder is a sign of friendship. In rural areas, some men will touch their hat and nod instead of shaking hands.
2. Generally, greetings among Latin Americans are lengthy endeavors involving both greetings and many inquiries about health, travels, relatives, friends or acquaintances. Quick greetings are interpreted as disrespectful and thoughtless.
3. As in all parts of Latin America, formality is the norm. Always address people by their title and last name until invited to do otherwise.
4. Yawning or coughing in public, especially while in conversation, is very rude. Always cover the mouth if you must yawn or cough.
5. Eating in public is also not advised.
6. Note also that pointing one's fingers may be perceived as an obscene gesture. To signal, "come here," however, hold your hand vertically and wave it back and forth with the palm facing out, or put your palm face down, and wave the fingers back and forth.
7. Never stand with your hands on your hips, as this will be perceived as a sign you are angry. While such aggressive stances are normal in North America, they do not translate well elsewhere.
8. Of course, one should also expect Latin Americans to communicate in close proximity than in North America. Try not to be too uncomfortable with this distinction.
9. Sightseeing, culture, literature, dance, music, family and travel make excellent topics of conversation. Try to be informed about the local cultural life in this regard. Peruvians may be more comfortable discussing their Spanish heritage than their Indian background; therefore, it maybe unwise to inquire about an individual's ancestry. Also avoid making remarks about the Peruvian government, terrorists, or politics in general.
10. Like other Latin Americans, Peruvians have a tradition of hospitality and may invite guests to their homes. Dinner is normally eaten between 7:00 and 9:00 P.M., but a dinner party will begin and end later. A dinner party will end soon after the meal, but a cocktail party may go until 5:00 A.M. One should not, however, drop in for an unscheduled visit at someone's home.
11. Dining is formal with diners keeping wrists on the table and elbows off the table. The fork should remain consistently in the left hand and the knife should be used in the right hand. The "fork flip-over" from left-to-right, common in North American usage, is inappropriate in Latin America.
12. Note that business is not usually discussed at social dinners, although business dinners at restaurants do occur frequently. Know the difference between a social occasion and a business lunch and expect differences in conversation accordingly.
13. If you are invited to dinner, it is appropriate to bring a gift for the host or hostess. Flowers, expensive and imported chocolates, pastries, cognacs, whiskey and other upper tier brands of liquor make fine gifts. Inappropriate gifts include knives (they symbolize the dissolution of a friendship) or certain kinds of flowers (red roses are specific to romance and flowers other than roses are considered cheap). A wrapped gift may not be opened in the presence of the giver for fear of appearing greedy, but if you are the recipient of a gift, profuse appreciation is expected.
14. Dress is generally casual but fashionable and one should always dress with good taste. Latin Americans are very conscious of self-presentation. Business attire is somewhat more orthodox, including suits for both men and women. Shorts should be confined to private homes and are not generally worn on the street.
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