Cultural Dos and Taboos
1. Canadians are generally open and friendly people, and smiles, nods, waves and verbal greeting are the usual introductions to conversation in Canada. In business situations, a firm and brief handshake is used upon greetings or introductions, although men often wait for women to offer their hand before shaking it. These standards are the same across Canada although some experts suggest that handshakes are more frequently exchanged among French Canadians, usually in the form of "repeat handshakes" throughout the day when encounters occur. Among friends and family, Canadians may embrace one another. The kissing of cheek may occur as well.
2. Although Canadians tend to address others by their first names, it is advisable to stick to formal forms of address until invited to do otherwise. The Western provinces of Canada tend to be more relaxed than the Eastern provinces in this regard.
3. As in the US, the greeting "How are you?" is not a serious inquiry as to one's stae of being. The answer to that question should be limited to "Very well, thank you." A delineation of personal or health problems are not customary responses, regardless of the circumstances.
4. Meetings are formal, results-oriented and punctual. Canadians tend to behave in a cautious and polite manner; with few exceptions, undue effusiveness or expressiveness should be avoided. Restrained politesse is preferable.
5. Note that in the French province of Quebec, French is the only legal language and all business and correspondence must be written and/or posted in French. French Canadians are very sensitive about linguistic issues and respect for their cultural concerns should be given. Of course, outside the province of Quebec, especially in the Western provinces, the opposite sentiments are likely to be held. Avoid denigrating either perspective unless you understand the political and cultural issues with greater depth.
6. Canada, not unlike the US and UK, is a multiethnic country. Etiquette and ethnic sensitivities should reflect this varied background.
7. Gestures are almost identical to those used in the US, so for example, a wave would entail moving one's entire hand with the palm facing outward and pointing involves using the index finger. Again, as in the US, direct eye contact connotes sincerity but should not be so intense that it is penetrating.
8. Most business entertaining occurs in public places such as restaurants and night clubs. In such contexts, work-oriented discussions are acceptable, although it is better if your Canadian counterpart starts the conversation in this regard.
9. When you visit a home, gifts are not expected, however, flowers, candy, or alcohol (a bottle of wine) are suggested choices. In business, gifts that come from one's home country are likely to be best appreciated, although taking someone out for dinner is also regarded as a gift of sorts. Generally, pretentious gift-giving should be avoided.
10. Business attire in generally conservative, especially in cities. Weather considerations are also cardinal since Canada has harsh winters. Outside of business, Canadians are casual dressers unless the occasion demands otherwise. For women, especially in business, flashy makeup or jewelry is not advised; a more reserved look is preferable.