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Cultural Etiquette
Cultural Dos and Taboos
1. There are several styles of greetings in Egypt and thus, in the case of a first meeting, it is advisable to wait for one's Egyptian counterpart to initiate the greeting. Westernized Egyptian men shake hands with other men, whereas a more traditional Arab greeting between men involves each grasping the other's right hand, placing the left hand on the other's right shoulder, and exchanging kisses on the cheek. Note that in this conservative Muslim culture, men may kiss men, women may kiss women, but men and women may not kiss in public. Note also that a traditional Arab male may not always introduce his wife. In the case of meetings involving both genders and across cultural lines, a Westernized businesswomen should wait for an Egyptian man to offer his hand rather than initiating the greeting herself.
2. Egyptian tradition demands that visitors be welcomed several times at your first greeting. Once welcomed, an Egyptian will typically be an attentive and considerate host since to be anything less than hospitable would be regarded as lacking in virtue. Emulating these practice will be well-regarded by locals.
3. In conversation, good topic choices include Egyptian history, current or modern Egyptian achievements, sports and culture. Egyptians appreciate jokes and frequently indulge in self-deprecating humor, however, non-locals should not interpret this tendency as an invitation to make critical remarks or jokes about Egypt. Generally, discussions about politics or anything related to Israel should be avoided. Men should be careful not to bring up the subject of women unless one's Egyptian counterpart does so first. A simple inquiry as to the health of a wife or daughter can be considered inappropriate.
4. Social space is a culturally determined trait and visitors should note that Egyptians speak to each other at a much closer distance than North Americans. Likewise, Egyptians naturally tend to gravitate toward others in public. For example, in a sparsely-inhabited auditorium or on an almost-empty bus, an Egyptian may well choose the seat next to you. Their choice is not to be viewed as an invitation for conversation but is merely an indicator that this culture has a different understanding of spatial dynamics.
5. There are a number of prohibitions and customs involving eating that one should adhere to in a Muslim country. For example, one should also note that the consumption of alcohol or pork is disallowed in strict Muslim circles. Meanwhile, all meats consumed by Muslims should adhere to "hallal" standards. When one is partaking of a meal, one should not eat everything on the plate. Leaving a little food is a sign that one has had enough to eat. Note that it is insulting to add salt to your food as it denotes that the food is insufficiently appetizing.
6. Visitors should be sure to acquaint themselves with the calendar and traditions of Islam - such as the fasting, prayer and practices that are mandated during the period of Ramadan. Similarly, one should always be aware of how Islamic law, which is delineated in the Shari'a, is used as the basis for the legal and juridical structure in Islamic countries. While the violation of traditions may simply be rationalized as ignorance in other countries, they take on far greater meaning in countries where the Islamic religions textures all aspect of society and culture.
7. One should always use the right hand in preference to the left. The left hand is considered unclean in the Arab world and as such, one should never eat with the left hand. Likewise, one should avoid gesturing with the left hand while making sure that gifts are received with the right hand. Of course, it is acceptable to use both hands when one is insufficient. One should also avoid pointing at another person, and one should never use the North American "thumbs up" gesture as is is considered to be vulgar throughout the Arab world.
8. Normally, one should be prepared to remove one's shoes before entering a building. When one removes one's shoes, the soles of the shoes are placed together, preventing the sole from being pointed at anyone. Also, one should never show the bottom of one's feet as it is considered offensive.
9. If you are invited to an Egyptian home, it is customary to take a gift to the host or hostess. Baked goods or chocolates are good choices, while flowers are acceptable for very Westernized Egyptians. Note, however, that flowers are traditionally used at funerals and weddings. A beautiful ornament, possibly from one's own country, or fine crystal or china, would make better choices. A finely made compass, symbolizing the direction of Mecca to a devout Muslim, would constitute a thoughtful gesture on the part of the giver, and would most assuredly be treasured by the recipient.
10. Egypt is a conservative, Muslim culture and clothing should be appropriate to this environment. Business wear is typically more conventional; suits are the norm for both men and women, although some industries may allow more casual attire to be worn. Women generally should try to be more restrained in regard to makeup and jewelry. Both men and women should dress modestly. Tight, revealing clothing is simply not acceptable. Necklines should be high and sleeves should come to the elbows. Hemlines should be well below the knee, if not ankle length.
Business Customs
Business in Egypt is personal. Egyptian and foreign business community members who have broad experience in the market, give the following suggestions:
Have Patience:
Unfamiliar paperwork processes, and bureaucratic procedures make business conduct somewhat slow in Egypt. Don't expect to breeze in for a week in Cairo and leave with a contract. It may take a year or more, but in the end, it is usually profitable.
Get Acquainted With Local Culture:
Egyptians are a proud people who trace their civilization back 5,000 years. Take time to learn the culture, and develop an appreciation for the Islamic faith. All private business leaders and most high-level government officials have a good command of English. Learn as much Arabic as possible - it pleases Egyptians if you know key phrases in Arabic ... Good Morning (Sabah El Kheir), Good Evening (Messaa El Kheir), etc.
Be Personable:
When you visit with a business person, don't just walk in, shake hands and get down to business. If you have previously met with the person, chat about common friends, family, children, etc.
Do Your Homework:
The Egyptian market is a complex and highly competitive one. A good Egyptian agent will help you a great deal in directing you to success. Find yourself a good local representative with the help of the Foreign Commercial Service at an embassy or a reliable international business group.
Remain Flexible:
The Egyptian market, like anywhere in the Middle East, is a changing one. Don't always expect the terms of a contract to remain the same during its length. Explore different markets - be flexible to change from partnership to technology transfer or royalty provisions.
Send Your Best:
Your top experienced executive with knowledge of the area will do a better job with the Egyptian business community. Your young, enthusiastic representative may not be as effective with the local partner, particularly in a culture which venerates age and experience.
Business Rules:
When doing business in Egypt, be prepared to play it in the Egyptian tradition, or you may waste your time. A few foreign firms come to Egypt and give up after a short stay. Most foreign companies, however, once established with a base, find the Egyptian market a worthwhile and profitable place to do business.
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